LOCAL VEGETATION OF PAKISTAN
sanaThe vegetation in Pakistan is divided into five categories on the basis of climate, altitude and plant types. These are: Dry tropical forest vegetation Dry sub-tropical sub-mountainous vegetation Dry Temperate…
CONCEPT OF PRODUCTIVITY
The rate at which food is manufactured by the producers in unit area in unit time is called productivity. There are following types of productivity: Primary Productivity The rate at…
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
abidaThere are following groups of bacteria Archeobacteria: They are most primitive organism on the earth. The lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall. The live in the deep sediments of oceans.…
Reproduction in Bacteria
Bacterial Reproduction Both asexual and sexual reproduction occurs in bacteria. Asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs by binary fission. It occurs during favourable conditions. The size of bacteria becomes…
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF BACTERIA
(I) Cell Membrane Cell membrane or plasma membrane is present beneath the cell wall. It is very thin and flexible. It completely surrounds the cytoplasm. Chemically, it is composed of…
Locomotory organ: Flagella
Flagella are extremely thin hair like appendages. They originate from basal body and come out through cell wall. The basal bodies are present just beneath the cell membrane in the…
Bacteria and Cyanobacteri
Fig: A generalized bacterial cell GENERAL STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes. They lack true nucleus and other membranous bound organdies. Some species form colonies. Most prokaryotic have…
Family 7: Moraceae characters , Floral formula & importance
sidra(Mulberry , Family) Diagnostic characters Habit: Mostly tree herbs, shrubs or vines. Roots: Tap root Stem: Woody; gum exudes from the stem. Leaves: Petiolate; alternate; simple; stipulate; Inflorescence: Catkin or…
DEFINITIONS AND KEY POINTS FOR OBJECTIVES OF VIRUSES
TERMS - DEFINITIONS Capsid The proteinshell thatenclosesthe viral genome is called a capsid. Capsomeres Capsids are built from a large number of protein subunits called capsomeres. Retroviruses The…
Viral diseases and their economic importance
Virus causes different diseases in animal and plants. Viral Diseases in Animals Virus does not produce symptoms directly in the animals (humans). But it indirectly affects the host. I. Some…