ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PLANT CELL
rubabAll plants are made up of cells. The cell plays a fundamental role in the understanding of botany. It also helps in the understanding of chemistry. Cell is the simplest…
DARK REACTION OR CALVIN – BENSON CYCLE OR C3 CYCLE
sanaThe series of reactions in which carbon is fixed in the synthesis of sugar is called Calvin — Benson cycle. It takes place in the stroma of chloroplast. Discovery of…
OTHER PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
saadiaOTHER PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION Many other patterns of organization are present in the animals. These patterns show evolutionary trends. But these trends are not exact sequences in animal evolution. 1.…
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION
PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATION Series of evolutionary changes take place. these can be seen in the body plans in the animal kingdom and the protists. Evolutionary changes do not always mean…
LIGHT REACTION OR PHOTOCHEMICAL PHASE (photophosphorylation) OR HILL’S REACTION
The process in which NADPH, and ATP are formed in the presences o light is called light reaction or photochemical phase of photosynthesis. I was studied by Robert Hill. So…
THE METABOLIC POOL
abidaTh destructive chemical reactions (catabolism) of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle pe orm many functions. They constitute a metabolic pool. This pool supplies materials for synthesis (anabolism) of many important…
CONTROL OF METABOLISM
Cells are very efficient. They do not waste. energy and do not make substance which they do not need. Following process keeps the metabolism of different compounds under control: Control…
METABOLISM OF FATS AND PROTEINS
ALTERNATIVE FOOD MOLECULES The catabolism of glucose is the most common metabolic pathway in cells. But animals also consume fats and proteins. These may be used to harvest energy. Fats…
THE ENERGY SCORE FOR AEROBIC RESPIRATION
A BALANCE SHEET T eukaryotic cell obtains a net gain of 36 ATP molecules from the breakdown of ach glucose molecule. 1. GI colysis: Glycolysis produces four ATP molecules. But…
AEROBIC RESPIRATION: THE MAJOR SOURCE OF ATP
The glycolysis and fermentation are inefficient processes. Thus the end product of glycolysis (pyruvate) still contains large amount of energy. This energy can be released by further oxidation. Free oxygen…