Genetics and genetic engineering has placed an important role in improvement of plant production. There are following applications of genetics in plant improvement. Production of polyploid crops I he techniques…
The area where a freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean is called an estuary. It is composed of intertidal salt marshes. Salinity varies within estuaries from fresh water…
Marine ecosystems are found in the oceans. Marine environments are characterized by an average salt concentration of 3%. Oceans cover nearly three fourths of surface df the earth. There is…
The term ecology is derived from Greek words oikos, meaning the "family household", and logy. meaning "to study". This term was formed by the German zoologist Ernst Haeckel in 1866.…
The fresh water bodies in which water moves continuously in one direction are called streams and rivers. The head water of a stream is cold and clear. It carries little…
Fresh water lakes have variety of size, depth, and nutrient content. The have distinct life zones and temperature stratification. The distribution of life in lakes depends on light, nutrients and…
There are two types of ecosystems: 1. Aquatic or Hydrospheric ecosystem: It is system in which living components exchange material and transfer energy within water. Aquatic environment is classified into…
COMMUNITIES Community is composed of all populations living in an area. Communities are not random mixtures of species. They have a unique organization. Most communities have certain important members. These…
A group of flower is called inflorescence. Most flowers develop scorpioid cyme inflorescence. Small flower are inconspicuous. They collect together to form inflorescence to attract insects. The main axis of…
MODEL SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS: Write a note on tropic movements. Write note phototrapism,Give its mechanism. Write note on geotropism. Give its mechanism. Write note on nastic novement. SHORT QUESTIONS: Differentiate between…
rubab
abida
sana
sidra