DEFINITIONS AND KEY POINTS FOR OBJECTIVES OF HEXAPODA AND MYRIAPODA
| TERMS | OBJECTIVES |
| Insect | The arthropods with three Fairs of wing. one pair of antennae |
| Thermoregulation | Thermoregulation is the ability to maintain body temperatures at a level different from environmental temperatures. |
| Direct or Synchorous flight | The mechanism of flight in which muscles moves both wing directly at the same time. |
| Indirect or Asynchorous flight | The mechanism of flight in which muscles moves both wing indirectly at different times. |
| Labrum | Labrum is an upper. lip like structure. It is sensory in function. |
| Mandible | Mandibles are sclerotized chewing (ut.) mouthparts. |
| Maxillae | The maxillae have cutting surfaces. They bear a sensory palp. |
| Labium | The labium is a sensory lower lip. |
| Trachea | Trachea is highly branched systems of chitin-lined tubes. |
| Passive suction | The drawing of air inside due to concentration difference of
gases between the spiracle and tracheae is called passive |
| Basking | The absorption of heat energy of sun by sitting under sun is called basking. |
| Ectotherms | The animals which use external heat source to raise their body temperature are called ectotherms. |
| Heterotherms | The animals which relay on both external heat and internal. metabolic heat are called heterotherms. |
| Shivering Thermogenesis | Insects can generate heat by rapid contraction of muscles. This process is called shivering thermogenesis. |
| Mechanoreceptors | Mechanoreceptors detect physical displacement of the body or of body parts. |
| Compound Eyes | Compound eye consists of an up to 28.000 receptors. These receptors are called ommatidia. The ommatidia are fused into a multifaceted eye. |
| Ommatidia | The receptor of compound eye is called ommatidia. |
| Ocelli | Ocelli are sensitive to changes in light intensity. Therefore. they are involved in the regulation of daily rhythms. |
| Pheromones | The chemicals released by an animal that change the behavior or physiology of another member of the same species is called pheromones. |
| Sperm receptacle | Sperm receptacle is an out pocket of the female reproductive tract. |
| Instar | Theimmature stages of insects similar to adult are called larval instars. |
| Ametabolous metamorphosis | In this case, primary differences between adults and larvae are body size and sexual maturity. |
| Paurometabolous metamorphosis | In this case, larvae undergo number of molts between egg and adult stages. |
| Nymph | Immature larva is called nymphs. |
| Holometabolous metamorphosis | In this case, immature is different from the adult in body form. |
| Larva | The immatures of an insect which differ from the adult, are called larvae. |
| Pupa | The last larval molt forms an inactive structure called papa. |
| Emergence or eclosion | The final molt occurs within the cocoon, chrysalis, or puperium. The adult open the cocoon with its mandibles and come out. This final process is called emergence or eclosion |
| Drones | Reproductive males are called kings or drones. |
| Caste | Each kind of individual in an insect colony is called a caste. |
| Queen | Reproductive females are called queens. |
| Convergent evolution | Polyphyletic evolution in which different organism show similar characteristics. |