CYTOPLASM The cytoplasm of a cell has two distinct parts: The Cytomembrane system: It consists of well-defined structures, such as endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus. vacuoles, and vesicles. The fluid cytosol:…
Kingdoms of Life 1. Kingdom classification system In 1969. Robert II. Whittaker described a system of classification. This classification forms five kingdoms. The basis of classification of Whittaker is: (i) …
Molecular Approaches to Animal Systematics Molecular approach includes study of molecules like protein, DNA, RNA of different species. Molecular techniques provide important information in recent years. These information are used…
Nomenclature The assignment of a distinctive name to each species is called nomenclature. Common names have two problems: (a) First, common names vary from country to country. Even they vary…
A Taxonomic Hierarchy There are two basis of taxonomic hierarchy: (a) Taxonomic hierarchy based on morphology Karl von Linne (Carolus Linnaeus) gave the modern classification system. It is still used…
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM The study of kinds and diversity of organisms and the evolutionary relationships among them is called systematics or taxonomy. The study of systematics gives the order and…
greater than it inside. Filtration Hydrostatic pressure forces small molecules across selectively permeable membranes from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure. A frog's blood …
Molecules can cross membranes in a-number of ways. They may use their own energy. Or they rely on an outside energy source. There are following types of cell movements. SIMPLE…
The plasma membrane surrounds the cell. Chemically plasma membrane is composed of: Protein: 60 to 80% Phospholipids: 20 to 40 % Cholesterol in small amount Carbohydrates in small amount Fig:…
CE L All animals are made up of cells. The cell plays a fundamental role in the understanding of zoology. It also helps in the understanding of chemistry. Cell is…
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