The brain of reptiles, birds, and mammals is connected to twelve pairs of cranial nerves. Out of these spinal accessory and hypoglossal (XI and XII) are’ not present in fishes.…
Hindbrain (Parts and Function) The hindbrain has three parts: medulla oblongata; cerebellum; and pons. The medulla oblongata, also called medulla or myelencephalon, is an enlargement where the spinal cord enters…
THE PSEUDOCOELOMATE BODY : ASCHELMINTHE EVOLUTIONARY PERSPECTIVE (askos, bladder + helmins, worm) The group Aschelminthes has seven different phyla. They are very diverse animals. They have unclear phylogenetic affinities very…
Tissues The group of cells performing some collective function is called tissue. Tissues organize the body of plant for performing different function. Many types of tissues associate with each other…
The brain of the developing embryo first becomes apparent as an enlargement of the anterior end of the neural tube. As the brain enlarges, it differentiates into three portions: the…
TYPE 1: PENICILLIUM (blue green mold) Occurrence Penicillium is a common mold. It is found on different substrata. It is most commonly found on citrus and other fruits. It is…
OBJECTIVES Multiple Choice Questions MCQs 1. Number of speeies of Phylum Platyhelminthes are: (a) 10,000 (b) 15,000 (c) 20,000 (d) 25,000 2. Parenchyma is derived from: (a) Ectoderm (b) Mesoderm…
The extremely complex nervous system of vertebrates is divided into two main divisions – the central nervous system (CNS), composed of brain and spinal cord is site of information processing;…
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Give evolution of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gastrotricha. Give general characteristics of phylum Platyhelminthes. Describe classification of Phylum Platyhelminthes. Write note on body wall of turbellarians. Write note on…
Occurrence It is common in soil water. Its various species live as saprophyte. Some of them live on decaying plant as parasites. The parasitic stage attacks the roots and the…
rubab 
saadia 
sidra 
abida