The process of manipulating genes, usually outside the organism's normal reproductive process is called genetic engineering or genetic modification (GM) or gene splicing. It involves the isolation, manipulation and reintroduction…
The low temperature treatment given to the seed or plant for stimulating flowering in them is called vernalization. Some seeds required low temperature treatment to break dormancy. Similarly shoot bud…
TERMS DEFINITIONS Seed dormany The physiological inability of a seed to germinate even under favourable condition called seed dormancy. Scarification The seed coat is punctured or mechanically ruptured by rubbing.…
Following methods are used to break the seed dormant: Methods of breaking dormancy of hard seed coat: The dormancy of hard seed coal can be broken by following methods: (a)…
The physiological inability of a seed to germinate even under favourable condition is called seed dormancy. Many kinds of seeds can germinate immediately after maturation. The seeds in some species…
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS Discuss evolutionary perspective of protists. Write note on pellicle and cytoplasm of protozoans. Give osmoregulation in protozoans. Write note on ingestion and digestion of food. Describe respiration and…
DEFINITIONS AND KEY POINTS FOR OBJECTIVES TERMS DEFINITIONS Polyphyletic Groupsof organisms having separate origin are called polyphyletic. Pellicle A regular arrangement of microtubules is called the pellicle. Osmoregulation The maintenance…
FURTHER PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS Fossilized protozoans: Protozoa originated about 1.5 billion years age. But there are only 30,000 known fossils of protozoans. These fossils are useless for study of evolution of…
5. THE CILIATES The phylum Ciliophora includes some of the most complex protozoa. Characteristics of the phylum Ciliophora are: 1. Ciliates are widelydistributed in freshwater and marine environments. 2. A…
I. Napiform root is found in: a) krigl ish carrot( b) Radish (c tirnip (d) Tomato
rubab
sana
saadia
sidra